1
Easy2Siksha
GNDU  -2021
/ 5 

(    )
 : 3   :100
:    -    ,        
       
2.    20   
-1
1.            
2.         ?     
   
UNIT-II
3.          ?
4.    (1835)      
2
Easy2Siksha
UNIT-III
5. '       ,    
          "    
,            
6.          (i)   , 
   '         (ii)   

-IV
7.    (1964-66)         
8. NEP (2020)      
3
Easy2Siksha
GNDU  -2021
/ 5 

(    )
 : 3   :100
:    -    ,        
       
2.    20   
-1
1.            
:            ' 
     ( 1500  500 ..)        ,
                  
  
           
      
 ,      
     
 :  
1.   :             
  ,       ,   
            
'   
2.         :  ,  
            () 
            
   ,       '    
4
Easy2Siksha
3.   :   ()   (    ) '  
            
           
          
4. -:      .    
 
  -         
  -         ,  
  ( )        
 
1.   :        '   (  )
           -
              ,
,        '  
2.    :    ,  -  
   '    (), - (),  
,   ()         , 
       
3. :             
    ,        
   ,  , , ,       
               

            
4.  :      ,    
   ,   ,        ,
       ,    
   ,        ,  
    
5.   :          
   ,         
     -       
6.  :        '   , 
            
      
        
7.   :        ,  
            
5
Easy2Siksha
   ,              
   
8.   :           
       ,   
, ,           
   
   
           
,    
     ,    ,       
'            
 ,     ,  -   
           
 ,          
;   ,
                
             
            ,  
                 
2.         ?     
   
:        
2,500     ()    ,     
          ,      

 
1.   :    ()
    
    ()          
 
   
             

    , ,     -    
 ,                  
       ,             
           
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2.   :    ()
      ()  
        , -
   ,    -          
           ,    
   
         , 
 
             ()   

 
3.   :    ()
 
                
   ,              
      
            
      -    -     
   
4.   :      ()
    ,            
    " "    , 
    -  
           :
 ():  ,  
  ():  ,  ,  
  ():  ,  ,  
   
  -,  ,         
             :
:    ,   
    ,    , 
      
 : ,     ()       
              
  :       () 
   
 ()   
  :  ,    ',       
  ,          
 
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   
         ' ,      
    
1.  
      , - ()      
    ,            
   -       
2.  
  ,      ,      
               
         
3. 
               ,  
' , ,           
  '            ' 
         
4.  
   ,         '   ,   
             , , 
  

 ,        '   ,  
         ,    
         ,         
 ,    '   ,         
           
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Easy2Siksha
UNIT-II
3.          ?
:     ( 8
 18
 )       
           -   ,
              
  ,         -  
              
           
1.    
        
  ,  
    '       -  
a    ( )
             

   ,  ,  ,  , -
,       '  
     -     ,   
   ,         

         , 
              
.    ( )
             
         ' ,    
    
     ,  ( ),  , , 
,     
           , 

    ,         
 
           ,  
           
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Easy2Siksha
c.    
      ,          

 
            

,              
 ,       
2.   
             
a  
   , ,     ,    
      
     -,  ,    
     
.    
          
   
         (  - 
  )    
-         , ,  
   
c. 
       ,      
      ,   ,    
   
  -   , ,       '
 
d. 
               
     ,          
 
10
Easy2Siksha
,  ,          - 
      
3.   
        -      
     '  
             , 
 , ,     
  -   ,      
            
     
 ,        ,  
    '    
            
4.     
         ,  
    ,        
         ,   
        
    ,    
      '    
5.      
             
  -  ,   '   ,    
,              
 
   ,      ,      
, 
   ( )         

6.  '  
               
          '   
11
Easy2Siksha
a  
,         ,    
        ,       
 
.  
             
 
 ,   '        
         -- (-
)              
            
         
c.    
,            
          
       ,       
        
7.    
              
 ,   ,      
             , 
            
  , -       
  ,     
8.   '    
         '     
:
a   
             ,
    
               
    
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.    
      - '  ,    
  ,           

c.  
   , -          
   

           
       
d.  -
      ,        
     ,        
      
,            -
    

      ,   ,   
       ,       
     ,         ,
             
     
4.    (1835)      
:   1835    '        
    ,         
  
  ,       ,     
              
      '     
  , 
   
,  ,         ,  
     
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    
1835  ,    ,      '    ,  
            :  

 :            
  -  ,       ' 
              
  
:             
  '     , 
     
         ,   
        
1835 ,         ,    
              
,          
   (1835)   
1.       :       
         ,       
               
       ,      
       , "      
          "
2.      :      
 ,            
 -          "   
,  , ,     "    
             

3.    :         
           
                
    , 
       ,
  ,       
4.  " " :      -    
                -
   -        
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Easy2Siksha
,  -      ,    '
   
        
5.    :         
   ,          
 ,       
     
          , 
       
     
         ,          
,    -        
        
 
1.    -:        
              
    ,       
             
        
2.     :   -      
      ,      -
        ,    ,    
             
  
3.   :        
  ,           
- ,    ,    -   
  ,          
,   ,    -     
 
1.     :         
            
         ,     
      ,     '  ,
            
       ' -  
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Easy2Siksha
2.  :       
             
  '  -         
        ,      
              
  , 
         
  
3.    :" "     
  
         ,   ' 
     ,         '     
   , 
         
,
  -         
4.   :     -      ' 
 ,         -    
  ,        -   
               
      -     
        
5.      :    '   
          '    
          
,  
               
       
6.  ' :          
     ,        
 ,              
 
   '   -
     
    
,       
  '    
           ,      
,       ,       
  ,         ,
   ,   '         

               
            
 , 
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Easy2Siksha
    ,           
,              ' ,
      ,         
        ,       
        ,        
              
UNIT-III
5. '       ,    
          "    
,            
:     ,   '      (
)
   ,         ,    
       '   ,       , 
           
   "         ,   
 ,          "    
    
 :
1.   :            
               '
 
2.    :           
   ,           
3.      :       
 ,          
   
      
   1937            
          ,      
17
Easy2Siksha
         , -   ,
 ,         
       :
1.    (- ):      
             ,   
,   
    ,   , ,  
          ,   
 ,     -       
o  -:        '
  ,           
       '    
o   :-    ,   
       '   , 
-      , -    
 ,      
2.  :  ,       
,  
           -  
 (),  (),          
  ,    '  
o    :           
      -     
,           
            
 
o   :           
           
            
3.    :           
 
            
  ,       

            
o - :      
       
 ,   ,
     ,     
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o   :         
 ,   ,  ,     
4.     -:          
            '    
     '         ,
 ,  ,     ,     
o  :        ,   
  , -      
  
o  :       ,   
           
   
5.   (, ,  ) :        
                 -
,   
o  :           
, ,       
     
o  :   -       
,    ,    , 
  

o  :       
      -       
 ,       
6. -   :         -
               
   ' -        
       
o  :      ,
          '   
    
o  :        
    ,        - 
  
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      
1. - :  '      
,  
  -         
              
      -  
2.    :   7  14         
          , 
  
          
3. - ' :       - ,    
             ,
            '  
 
4.    :   ,      
 '                
 ,   , ,      
  
5.  :      
,    - ,
             
      -,   '     '
 
6. -  -:       ,
      -      
           
        ' 
         
      20
       ,   
       ,    ,  , 
     
1.    :,       
   , -  '          
              
       -   
 
20
Easy2Siksha
2.  :         ,    
, -,      '     
        
3.  :   ,         
            - 
, ,    '   
4.    :,       
    ,   '        
   ,             
    

                 
   ,  ,     ,  
        -,   '  ,  
 '     -       ,
         ,   '   
   
6.          (i)   , 
   '         (ii)   

:         ,   '
,     '      ,   
              

-
1950      ,   
     
               ,
       ,    ,    '  
 ,   ,     '    -  
       
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        '  :
1. ,     '     ( "
"  " "    )
2.    ,         
  :
(i) ,     '    
      ,   ,     
  
  '           (SC),    (ST),
    (OBC)        
   
                
  :
1.  15(4):
 15 , , , ,      '    
 ,     (4)        '
   -           
                
     -       
2.  46 (    ):
     ,        
             ' 
               
     '  
 ,      
       
3.  21A (  ):
2002  86     6  14        
        
     
             
  
          
   ,   - 
4.  17 (-  ):
     ' -   ,     '
     '   
        
  (  )         -  
    ,        
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5.    :
, -     
, SC, ST,  OBC    
 (    )       
           ,    '
    
  :
   ,    ,     ' 
              :
-- :
    '            
   '           ,
       
 :
         
       , SC/ST    
              
 
   (SSA):
      6  14         
             
,   ,       '     
    (KGBV):
             
 ,   '   ,  ,      
   
(ii)    
            -   
 ,             
               
   ,        
  :
1.  29 (     ):
 29            ,  
      
      -
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      
     
               
        '    
 
2.  30 (          
):
             
             

    -        
       -    
 ,  -      ,   -
            
 
3.  350A (     ):
    
         
  '            
          
4.         (2004):
              
             
             
  :
    '    ,        
            :
      15- :
     '          
           ,   
            
  
   -  - :
             
          ,     
'       
   
:
 
           -
 (..)         
          
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
      '           ,
  '  '       '    - 
  
,      ,     '  
 -          
 
     ,        
          ,    
          ,      
         ,       ,
               
-IV
7.    (1964-66)         
:1964-66    ,    (  . . .
  )     ,       
               
              
       '         
            
   
1947      ,       ,  
  ,    ,        
              
               '     -
    -          
   
  (1964-66)     
     '           
       ,  ,   
              
  :
25
Easy2Siksha
1.  
               
      ,        
        ,  ,    
        
 :
             
          
          
    -        
      
2.    
         ,     
  '               
          '  ,   
,       ,       
 :
 -         

          
 ,   '   '         (SCs),
   (STs),     
3.   
       ,  ,    
              
             
  
 :
          
     
          
             

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             
  '     
4.    
             
             

     ,       
 :
 ,       -   
     
             
'     
             
 
5.  -  
     -       '     
              
    
 :
      ,   ,  

         
  
              
        
6.     
              
    ,      '   
             
         
 :
 -     '   .
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            
 
,          
 
7. , ,   
            
     ,        
  -        
 :
         
 ,         
    
,   -   
       
8.   
    '          
 
               
            
 :
            
          
           
         
   -  '            

9.   
  -           
      
 , ,     
   
 :
         
    ,       
   
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       '      
       
10.    
               14
               
           
 :
       '    ,  
    
               
    
              
    
11.   
            '    
             
  
 :
          
 
            ,   
      
           
   

       ,      
             
  ,    ,     
        '     
             

      '        ,
 ,    '        
          ,   ,   '
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            ,  
           
8. NEP (2020)      
:   (NEP) 2020         
     ,     ,    
'        '   : , ,
,        NEP 2020     
 :
1.     (ECCE)
NEP 2020            (3-8 )  
    5+3+3+4         
 ,   3-
18       2025         
      '    
2.     
    '              
 , -           
 ,   -        
  -   ,     '  
  
3.   - 
NEP 2020      -     
 ,         -   
       -    -
       
4.    -
        ,  6   
           -  
  ,         
          ,    
     
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5.  
NEP 2020            
 
              
           '  
 
6.    
NEP 2020             
             
 ,            
   -        
7.   
      ,        
  
 (NRF)          '
              
,       ,    
         
8.     
NEP 2020            
       ,    ,  -
  -           
       
NEP 2020        '       
    3-18            
(RTE) 
      (SCs),    (STs),   
         '    
10.      
      , NEP 2020 -  5     
                
               
,    '   
11.      
                 
               
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    ,            

12.    
     , NEP 2020       
 ,   GDP  6%            
  ,     ,      
      
13.  
      '          '  
 ,  ,     '         
 , ,      '    (
14.    (GER)
NEP 2020    26%  ,   2035  50%     (GER)
         ,  ,  -
    ,        

15.    
NEP           
             
     ,           
     
16. -   (FYUP)
 ,   -  -     
               ,  
  ,               
     

NEP 2020            , 
   ,     '       
          ,        
 ,          
 '     , - ,   
 , NEP 2020   21
     
      